Comparing individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Panic Disorder (PD), with nonclinical population on obsessive beliefs and COVID-19 stress two years after the beginning of the pandemic

Comparing individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Panic Disorder (PD), with nonclinical population on obsessive beliefs and COVID-19 stress two years after the beginning of the pandemic

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Aim and Background: Because of the similarity between some signs of panic disorder (PD) and COVID-19, individuals with PD like individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are vulnerable to negative outcomes of the pandemic.However, previous studies did not adequately address the impacts of COVID-19 on this disorder.Regarding the importance of cognitive mechanisms for both disorders, examining the cognitive impacts of COVID-19 is especially critical.The study aims to here compare individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder (PD), and nonclinical samples in terms of obsessive beliefs and COVID-19 stress, two years after the beginning of the pandemic.

Methods and Materials: In a survey, 127 individuals were recruited through purposive sampling.After being taken for the clinical interview, they were divided into OCD (n=42), PD (n=40), and nonclinical (n=45) groups.Participants responded to the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ-44), COVID-19 Stress Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and Scheffe posthoc tests.

Findings: There were no significant differences between clinical groups based on any obsessive beliefs.In terms of socioeconomic outcomes and traumatic stress components of COVID-19 stress, there were no significant ngetikin.com differences between clinical and nonclinical groups.However, individuals with OCD and PD obtained meaningfully higher scores in xenophobia and obsessive checking/ reassurance-seeking components, respectively, than other groups.Even two years after the beginning of the pandemic, clinical groups were significantly more concerned about the danger and contamination of COVID-19 than the nonclinical group.

Conclusions: Obsessive beliefs in individuals with PD are comparable to individuals with OCD during the pandemic.Also, individuals with PD engaged more in obsessive checking/ reassurance-seeking than individuals with OCD and the nonclinical group; it could burden extensive costs for the therapeutic system during the pandemic.